ABSTRACTS
Akaev A.A.
Long Waves of Conjuncture and Schumpeter–Kondratyev Innovation-Cyclical
Theory of Economic Development. // Economics
of contemporary Russia 2013. ¹2 (61) Ñ.7.
The article describe a short history of the discovery of long waves of
economic dynamics by Nikolay Kondratieff, as well as the history of creation
of the Schumpeter – Kondratieff innovative-cyclical theory of economic development.
It also offers an analysis of its present state. It comes to conclusion that
this theory has already been substantially corroborated. This is followed
by the study of the five most important directions of its practical application
that demonstrate a high potential of this theory.
Keywords: Kondratievlarge cycles of economic conditions, innovation,
basic and upgrade technologies, theory of innovative economic development
of Schumpeter, clusters, innovation, fractal structure of innovation and
their self-organization, technological way, techno-economic paradigm, long-term
forecasting cyclical, dating Kondratiev cycles, Schumpeter synthesis of economic
theories.
Gubar O.V. Simulation Economics as a Brand New Object of Research
in Political Economy. // Economics of
contemporary Russia 2013. ¹2 (61) Ñ.29.
Information and communication technologies have created a new social
and cultural phenomenon – the virtual world of computer games, where a person
exists in the selected archetypical image named avatar. In virtual worlds
economic relations form on such intangible benefits as items of computer
games, software, services, etc. These relationships form a simulation economy,
which is embedded in the real system of economic relationships and changes
socio-economic structure of society.
Keywords: virtual worlds, items in video games, archetypical
images, simulation economy, institutional norms of Internet environment,
intellectual property, netocracy.
Andrukovich P.F. Life Expectancy of Companies as Components of
the DJIA and RTSI Indeces Lists. // Economics
of contemporary Russia 2013. ¹2 (61) Ñ.43.
paper considers the processes of companies changing in the lists of an
index DJIA of the New York Stock Exchange and RTSI, an index of the Russian
Stock Exchange “Moscow Stock Exchange”. A rather clear analogy between including
these companies in and excluding them from these lists with demographic processes
of birth and mortality is used. Based on that, the life expectancy for the
companies from the lists of these indexes is calculated and a criterion,
which characterizes the stability level of the content of these lists in
the average- and long-run is provided. This criterion is proposed to be used
for the comparative evaluation of risks while investing in different stock
exchange.
Keywords: DJIA index, RTSI index, listed company, stock exchange,
life expectancy, investment.
Fridman A.A. About Phenomena of the World Market for Rough Diamonds.
// Economics of contemporary Russia
2013. ¹2 (61) Ñ.63.
The world market for rough diamonds in the XX-th century was a unique
example of classic monopolistic structure headed by De Beers; it was usually
referred to in any textbook on microeconomics. However, at the end of XX-th
century, due to a number of various events, this market has demonstrated
clear evolution towards more competitiveness, while De Beers has declared
itself the market leader rather than the guardian of the sector. At the same
time, the world market for diamonds and its extended version – the global
market for rough and polished diamonds – is characterized by several phenomena.
The present paper is devoted to the identification and the analysis of these
phenomena.
Keywords: natural rough diamonds, the market for rough diamonds,
phenomena, Kimberley process (KP), statistics of KP, China cut, World Diamond
Production.
Gurkov I.B., Kossov V.V., Morgunov E.B., Saidov Z.B. Innovative Practices
of the Russian Manufacturing Subsidiaries of Multinational Corporations –
Factors of Efficient Activities Creation and Routinization. Part 1. // Economics of contemporary Russia 2013.
¹2 (61) Ñ.76.
The extant literature acknowledges the role of overseas subsidiaries
in the growth and development of multinational companies (MNCs). Such subsidiaries
are viewed as critical players in the innovation process at MNCs. Although
this topic has gained importance, it remains largely under-researched in
the Russian context. This study aims to fill this gap byexamining the dynamics
of the innovation process in the Russian-based subsidiaries of global MNCs.
It seeks to explore and understand motivation and drivers of innovation,
key participants, and impact and outcomes of innovation. The key element
of the study is a metrics developed and used for observation and analysis
of innovative practices in particular functional areas, namely marketing,
production, human resource management. This metrics is based on two key parameters
– the level of novelty of a particular innovative solution and the magnitude
of change the solution requires in the respective functional area. We present
qualitative findings from several case studies of Russian manufacturing subsidiaries
of foreign MNCs, which indicate that innovations in production, marketing
and human resource management are closely interrelated. In addition, such
practices are centered on two major tasks – “continuous improvement” of already
installed manufacturing facilities and necessary works related to acquisitions
of local firms and greenfield investments. We postulate that successful application
of “continuous improvement”, that leads simultaneously to an increase of
quality of company’s products and to cost reduction serves as the major
trigger for further corporate investments in Russia, either in the forms
of acquisitions or in greenfield projects. In addition, our findings indicate
that Russian subsidiaries are not only recipients of knowledge and technology
developed elsewhere in the MNCs, but are active developers of innovative
products and solutions that are later applied in other units of the respective
MNCs. Such flow of reverse innovations seems to widen in the near future.
Keywords: manufacturing, multinational corporations, organizing
for innovations.
Zhdanov D.A. The Agency Relations and the Structure of Corporation. Part
2. // Economics of contemporary Russia
2013. ¹2 (61) Ñ.88.
Improvement of the structure of modern domestic companies largely due
to the establishment of productive agent relations and the practice of interaction
between business owners and their top-managers. The article presents the
results of the surveys of the top-managers, the students of the Russian Presidential
Academy, devoted to the research of the nature of such relationships in Russian
companies. On the basis of the research is proposed a model description of
the selected dependencies, are given the recommendations to streamline the
construction of corporations.
Keywords: corporate relations, agency relations, selection
and recruitment of top-managers, their qualification, loyalty, and utility,
modeling, the structure of the corporation.
Solovjev A.C. Problems of Improving the Economic Mechanism of Pension Rights
Regulation for the Insured Persons and the State Pension Obligations in the
Process of Reforming the Pension System. // Economics of contemporary Russia 2013. ¹2 (61) Ñ.103.
Functioning and developing the modern domestic pension system is under
the influence of external factors (macroeconomic, demographic, etc.) which
directly shape the pension size, rates of indexation, the sizes of the tariff
of insurance payments and other pension characteristics. Global financial
crisis has negatively reflected in macroeconomic and demographic parameters
of the country’s development. In these conditions a problem of state regulation
of pension system development is especially actual; as well as the creation
of favorable macroeconomic and demographic conditions for maintaining the
long-term financial stability. The creation of the long-term development
strategy for the pension system (until 2030) is the most actual problem at
the present stage of pension reforming through modernization of the labour
pension formula according to insurance principles.
Keywords: strategy, pension reform, pension formula, state
pension liabilities, pension rights of insured persons.
Golichenko O.G., Samovoleva S.A. The Analysis and Mapping of Innovation
Activities Risks. // Economics of contemporary
Russia 2013. ¹2 (61)
Ñ.114.
The approach to analyse innovation risks and their factors is proposed.
This approach gives opportunities to take into account a sufficiently complete
set of factors and risks of innovation activity and obtain their component-wise
evaluation. It based on à five-stage procedure. At the first stage, the system
of innovation activity factors is determined. This system is divided into
two subsystems. One of them includes factors that are directly related to
the innovation activity. The other subsystem encompasses the events arising
from framework conditions of innovation activity. Further, on the next stages,
the factors that have a negative impact on innovation activity are identified;
statistic data completeness is provided for factors measurement; the ranking
procedure takes places. The final stage leads to the construction of a map
of risks and risk factors. The mapping of risks and risk factors allows determining
the innovation bottlenecks. It allows to elaborate policy measures (at both
state and enterprise levels) mitigating, and compensating for, risks of innovation
activity and to organize these measures into a complex system.
Keywords: risks, factors, enterprises, mapping, ranking, bottlenecks
of innovation activity.
Korotayev A.V. Grinin L.E. Nikolay Kondratieff and Kondratieff Waves
in the Global Technological Innovation Activitities. // Economics of contemporary Russia 2013.
¹2 (61) Ñ.128.
Our study has revealed an unusually clear K-wave pattern in the dynamics
of global technological innovation activities measured through the number
of patents granted annually in the world per 1 million of the world population.
Thus the very logic of Kondrstieff’s theory of innovations suggests that
we should expect the decrease of the overall number of inventions (and granted
patents) per million of the world population and their pronounced increase
during K-wave downswings (when a certain decrease of the number of breakthrough
inventions is more than compensated by a colossal growth of the number of
improving inventions). This pattern corresponds precisely to the one which
we have detected in the empirical data.
Keywords: innovations, technologies, technological development, Kondratieff
waves, economic cycles, technological paradigms.
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