Shiobara
T. Corruption and Modernization: a New Theory. // Economics of
contemporary Russia 2010. ¹3
(54) Ñ.8-32.
The
theories of corruption, presented before, can be divided into political
corruption and economic corruption. Under the approach of political
corruption,
based on communitarianism, democratic states are regarded as
communities, and
democracy is esteemed as «common good». As measures against corruption
the
improvement of transparency of officials’ income, strengthening
punishment on
them, being strict with relations between politicians, officials and
electors
are stressed. Under the economic corruption approach, presupposing the
mixture
of utilitarianism and communitarianism, a community with capitalistic
freedom
and democracy is assumed as well as under
the political corruption approach.
Supporters of the theory of economic corruption approach believe that
«happiness-profits» can be measured. Anti-corruption policies based on
this
economic corruption approach is inclined to force any states to
implement the
same measures without considering specificity of history or culture of
every
state.
A new approach, presented by the author, recons power which influences
decision making of corrupt actors. Under the new approach, based on
liberalism,
subjectivity
of an actor in power and a subordinate is attached importance,
because power restrains freedom of other subjects. To regulate power
operations, the power of rulers
holding violent devices should be weakened.
Criminal investigation, arrest, detention, indictment and judgment
should be
executed strictly.
Keywords: corruption,
modernization, political
corruption, economic corruption, «common good», communitarianism,
economic
corruption, «happiness = profits»,
utilitarianism, power, power relations,
subjectivity of an actor in power, subjectivity of a subordinate,
expectations
held by a corrupt actor, exclusion.
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