Contents
Polterovich
V.M. Towards a Manual for Reformers: Some Conclusions from the
Theory of
Economic Reform.
It is
discussed a problem of elaboration of a Manual For Reformers to
facilitate
planning and realization of efficient transformations of economic
institutions.
The first attempt to create such a manual, so called «Washington
Consensus», is
analyzed in detail. An alternative system of principles is suggested
that have
to be taken into account when economic reforms are conducted.
Informal
institutions of corruption and the so called «parallel economy» are
presented
as core economic phenomena, which cardinally affected the planned
economy of
the USSR. It is shown, how the evolution of «parallel economy» has led
to the
collapse of the planned system and the Soviet state. It also proves,
that in
the post-soviet period the «parallel economy» has been kept almost
untouched
and moreover, it has taken control over the national economy.
Answering
the question about a relationship and differences between political
economy and
economics the authors follow briefly the history of development of the
economic
science and dwell on changes taking place in Russian economic science
and
education during the last fifteen years.
Work is
devoted to the economic theory of social sector and reflects results of
long-term researches of the author in the given area. The analysis of
the
formed environment of functioning of the organizations of social sector
contains, the most known theoretical approaches are considered, the new
typology
of the blessings is offered and the substantiation of economic
maintenance of
these organizations is given. In a basis of the offered theory the
concept
«economic sotsiodinamiki», developed by the author together with R.S.
Grinberg.
The role of
vertically integrated financial and industrial structures in
development of
resources of region is discussed, value of bank participation in the
share capital
of the industry of region is emphasized. Questions of the coordination
of
activity of the company with regional bodies of administration
managerial
control are considered, the opportunity of introduction of the
balancing
preferential rate of payments under the profit tax of bank is proved.
As an
example numerical value of the balancing rate pays off with use of
dynamic
model of efficiency of financial and industrial corporate structure.
This study
deals with the problem of precriminal and criminal shadow economy,
which harmed
vast damage to the country. About 90% of it is unrevealed.
Socio-unprotected
offenders are hold responsible in most cases. Crimes of poverty are
easily
becoming revealed to the public organs of justice, but crimes of
governing
elite and businesses almost are unrevealed to law enforcement bodies.
Employment
of the population is the major macroeconomic characteristic. At the
same time
it quite belongs to the set of the problems having fundamental value.
And in
this connection there is a problem of acceleration of overcoming of
crisis of
employment. It has been caused by many circumstances, the main of them
is shock
change of social-labor attitudes in our country that has cardinally
changed
conditions of the population involving in a national economy. In the
article
the major conditions of crisis overcoming are considered.
Bogomolova
T.Yu., Tapilina V.S. Poverty in the Present Russia: Measurement
and Analysis.
Economic
stratification of population in Russia, and the state of the poor
people in the
country are analyzed on the data of The Russian Longitudinal Monitoring
Survey
(1998-2002). This article considers the wide range of poverty indices,
the
characteristics of poverty reproduction, social spectrum of poverty and
contribution of social groups into total population poverty. The
findings are
linked with current problems of the state socioeconomic policy.
A household
is defined and examined as the economic unit of a family. The
household's goals
are to guarantee that the family is economically viable and capable of
providing both existing and future labour resources. Inability of the
household
to achieve this goal necessitates changes in economic policies. Sign
that
economic viability of a family is being threatened include: life
expectancy at
birth is lower than age of economic activity; the fertility rate does
not
ensure maintaining current population size; and poverty exists in
households
that have working members.
This
article deals with the main approaches of power and capital
co-operations on
the example of enterprises activities in the Volga region at the end of
the
19th – the beginning of the 20th century. The author researches the
role of the
trade associations, stock committees and other organizations of
regional
bourgeoisie.
The article
proposes to consider the problems of the higher education modernization
from
the point of view of referring this sphere to a natural monopoly that
needs to
be restructured. The author defines the essence of «the institutional
trap» in
which the higher education found itself within the past decade due to
the
Russian Government policy. On the basis of the application of the
theoretical
approaches to economy depending on the organization scale, human
capital
formation and structuring, employee’s competence half-value period,
franchising
and fundraising, social responsibility of the state, internal and
external
effects, transformational and transactional costs, the article upholds
the
original decisions of the higher education system modernization,
criticizes the
Conception that is being implemented by the Government as well as the
Conception alternatives, and discloses the consequences of a possible
breach of
the single education area in contemporary Russia.
It is
analyzed a condition of modernization system of higher education in
Russia and
the problems arising in communication by acceptance of the state
program of
reforming of social sphere.
After
gaining independence in Georgia its energosector fell into deep crisis:
the
output of electroenergy has decreased twice, oil production has also
decreased
to critical level, the extraction of coal has almost ceased. In spite
of some
positive changes the state of energetics still remains extremely heavy.
Under
such conditions it becomes necessary to attract foreign aid to the
country.
Naturally, at first it concerns such a country as Russia having
enormous
energetic potential. At present Georgia gets from Russia almost all
kinds of
energocarriers: electric power, natural gas, petrol, diesel oil, coal,
black
oil etc. It is considered expedient to develop the cooperation between
Russia
and Georgia in the following directions: export-import expansion of
energocarriers; participation of energocomplexes of Russia in private
energosystem of Georgia; participation of Russia in rehabilitation of
energy in
Georgia, synchronous amalgamation of energosystem of Russia and
Transcaucasian
countries (Georgia, Azerbaidjan, Armenia).
