The virtualization of world economy and the pyramidal structure of global stock market heavily constrain Russia’s (and other countries’) development. It makes necessary a revision of economic mainstream fundamentals through the prism of humanity. More specifically, it implies rejecting the doctrine of “Washington consensus” (and its newer modification) in favor of a wider version of the concept of sustainable development. The paper discusses the outlines of an economic system for sustainable development, treated as a set of institutions and preconditions which make possible a transition from the economy based on the use of resources to the economy relying on their systemic reproduction (balancing economic, social, and ecological goals and values).